Quick Adaptation RS-14
When shopping for a good and you will appropriate appliance, not only needed for additional communities and where recommended foundation construction is going to be confirmed, a couple of major specifications was indeed within the interest. “Brand new RS-fourteen demonstrates the brand new brevity, readability, and you may simple rating which have been recognized as extremely important properties when deciding on tool for usage that have adolescents” (Pritzker and you will Minter, 2014, p. 332). The fresh RS-14 “might give information on the newest pattern and you can reputation regarding resilience using a widely accessible way of measuring resilience which often will allow reviews which have early in the day and you will future look,” and therefore “deliver help proof it is a beneficial psychometrically voice level to evaluate private resilience in age groups out-of teenagers and you may teenagers” (Wagnild, 2009a; Pritzker and you can Minter, 2014).
Also, Yang ainsi que al
Seeking a great deal more monetary variation of the Strength Measure, coming down achievement day, and you may making way more especially for have fun with with young people, Wagnild (2009a) altered the newest RS-twenty fcn chat giriÅŸ five to14 points. The newest short term “RS-fourteen measure include 14 worry about-statement issues measured with each other a beneficial eight-section score level anywhere between ‘1-highly disagree’ so you can ‘7-firmly agree.’ Higher ratings is actually an indication out of resilience top. According to the authors, ratings was calculated from the a summary out-of reaction thinking per product, thus enabling score in order to start around fourteen in order to 98.” Results lower than 65 imply low resilience; anywhere between 65 and 81 let you know modest strength; a lot more than 81 might be translated as the higher degrees of strength (Wagnild and you can More youthful, 1993; Wagnild, 2009b, 2014).
Using principal components analyses supported a single-factor solution; remaining in the RS-14 scale were those items with all item factor loadings >0.40. Reported psychometric properties of the RS-14 have demonstrated sound psychometric properties comparable to those of the RS-25: evidence of a one-factor structure was found and high reliability (coefficient Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90 and greater 0.96) and a strong correlation with the full version (r = 0.97, p = 0.001) were obtained (Wagnild, 2014). The overall factorability of the RS-14 demonstrated a robust one-factor measure of resilience, which has been replicated and has been confirmed in different studies and in the adaptations of this version for different countries (Wagnild, 2014). For instance: German ? = 0.91 (Schumacher et al., 2005); Portugal ? = 0.82 (Oliveira et al., 2015); Finland ? = 0.87 (Losoi et al., 2013); Japan ? = 0.88 (Nishi et al., 2010); China ? = 0.92 (Tian and Hong, 2013); Korean ? = 0.90 (Kwon and Kwon, 2014); Spain ? = 0.79 (Heilemann et al., 2003); Italian ? = 0.88 (Callegari et al., 2016); and Greek ? = 0.89 (Ntountoulaki et al., 2017). (2012) “examined the measurement invariance of the RS?14 in samples of U.S., Chinese, and Taiwanese college students and supported a one-factor model that demonstrated scalar invariance across cultures” (Yang et al., 2012). The short version RS-14 has been tested regarding its structure and it was found that results are not always totally consistent. Some discrepancies exist between findings of different studies; for instance the Brazilian version with 13 items (Damasio et al., 2011) or 12 items in the Portuguese adaptation for adolescents (Oliveira et al., 2015), and in the German Version 11 items (Schumacher et al., 2005). These discrepancies can eventually result from sampling issues: some studies used participants from very different developmental phases (Damasio et al., 2011), and others used participants <13 years old, an option that is not appropriate given that the authors of the RS advise against the use of the scale with participants from earlier ages (Wagnild, 2009b; Pritzker and Minter, 2014).